"Faith-Based Charity and Crowd Out during the Great Depression"
BY: JONATHAN GRUBER
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Department of Economics
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
DANIEL M. HUNGERMAN
Duke University
Department of Economics
Document: Available from the SSRN Electronic Paper Collection:
http://papers.ssrn.com/paper.taf?abstract_id=723301
Paper ID: NBER Working Paper No. W11332
Date: May 2005
Contact: JONATHAN GRUBER
Email: Mailto:gruberj@xxxxxxx
Postal: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Department of Economics
Room E52-355
50 Memorial Drive
Cambridge, MA 02142 UNITED STATES
Phone: 617-253-8892
Fax: 617-253-1330
Co-Auth: DANIEL M. HUNGERMAN
Email: Mailto:danh@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Postal: Duke University
Department of Economics
Durham, NC 27708-0204 UNITED STATES
ABSTRACT:
Interest in religious organizations as providers of social
services has increased dramatically in recent years. Churches in
the U.S. were a crucial provider of social services through the
early part of the twentieth century, but their role shrank
dramatically with the expansion in government spending under the
New Deal. In this paper, we investigate the extent to which the
New Deal crowded out church charitable spending in the 1930s. We
do so using a new nationwide data set of charitable spending for
six large Christian denominations, matched to data on local New
Deal spending. We instrument for New Deal spending using
measures of the political strength of a state's congressional
delegation, and confirm our findings using a different
instrument based on institutional constraints on state relief
spending. With both instruments we find that higher government
spending leads to lower church charitable activity. Crowd-out
was small as a share of total New Deal spending (3%), but large
as a share of church spending: our estimates suggest that church
spending fell by 30% in response to the New Deal, and that
government relief spending can explain virtually all of the
decline in charitable church activity observed between 1933 and
1939.
--
Michael Perelman
Economics Department
California State University
michael at ecst.csuchico.edu
Chico, CA 95929
530-898-5321
fax 530-898-5901