Re: "Sale of slaves was unders the control of African states and elites"

[Yoshie Furuhashi <furuhashi.1@xxxxxxx>]

Ricardo:

>  > In 1400, neither "Europeans" nor "Africans" existed.
>
> Everyone else in this list knows what Thornton means, so let's not
> play games.

So, what does "everyone else" on this list think about John
Thornton's work or Africans' participation in the slave trade in the
capacity other than being the enslaved?  You mean to say that
"everyone else" fails to notice that for those who lived between 1400
and 1640 in the area which has come to be called "Africa," what
mattered was *classes, kins, tribes, & states,* for they were
innocent of such dichotomies as "Africans" & "Europeans"?  No one
here believes that "Africa" before the arrival of the Portuguese was
a classless & stateless society.

Yoshie