Genocide Part I

["James Michael Craven" <CRAVJM@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>]

      Research Notes from Warch Churchill's "Indians Are Us?:Culture
      and Genocide in Native North America" and other Sources
      Indicated

      1."The fact that domestic law does not punish an act which is
         an international crime does not free the perpetrator of
         such crime from responsibility under international law."
         (International Law Commission, Report of Principles,
         UN Doc A/1706, Dec. 13, 1950)

      2. The term "genocide" was coined by the Polish Jurist Raphael
         Lemkin in 1944 from the Greek "genos" ("race or tribe") and
         the Latin "cide" (killing). Lemkin meant not only mass murder
         in his broad definition (later adopted in the U.N. Convention
         on Genocide which the US refused to sign for over 40 years)
         Lemkin wrote:
          "Generally speaking, genocide does not necessarily mean
         the immediate destruction of a nation, except when
         accomplished by mass killing of all the members of a nation.
         It is intended rather to signify a coordinated plan of
         different actions aimed at the destruction of the essential
         foundations of the life of national groups, with the aim of
         annihilating the groups themselves. The objective of such a
         plan would be disintegration of the political and social
         institutions, of culture, language,national feelings,
         religion, and the economic existence of national groups, and
         the destruction of personal security, liberty, health,
         dignity, and the lives of individuals belonging to such
         groups. Genocide is the destruction of the national group as
         an entity, and the actions involved are directed against
         individuals, not in their individual capacity but as members
         of the national group." (Raphael Lemkin, "Axis Rule in
         Occupied Europe" Concord, NH, Carnegie Endowment for
         International Peace/Rumford Press, 1944, p.79 quoted in
         Churchill p. 13)

     3.  "Lemkin observes that 'Genocide has two phases: one,
        destruction of the national pattern of the oppressed group:
        the other, the imposition of the national pattern of the
        oppressor.'(Ibid.)Clearly the latter imposition could not
        occur if all or even most members of the oppressed group
        have to be killed in order for a defined 'genocide' to
        have transpired." (Churchill Ibid. p.13)


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