[Marxism] World Bank: Four-fifths of West Bank water goes to Israelis

["Fred Feldman" <ffeldman@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>]

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/may/27/israel-palestinian-water-dispute
/print
Israelis get four-fifths of scarce West Bank water, says World Bank
Palestinians losing out in access to vital shared aquifer in the occupied
territories

Rory McCarthy in Jerusalem guardian.co.uk, 
Wednesday 27 May 2009 18.05 BST  

A deepening drought in the Middle East is aggravating a dispute over water
resources after the World Bank found that Israel is taking four times as
much water as the Palestinians from a vital shared aquifer.

The region faces a fifth consecutive year of drought this summer, but the
World Bank report found huge disparities in water use between Israelis and
Palestinians, although both share the mountain aquifer that runs the length
of the occupied West Bank. Palestinians have access to only a fifth of the
water supply, while Israel, which controls the area, takes the rest, the
bank said.

Israelis use 240 cubic metres of water a person each year, against 75 cubic
metres for West Bank Palestinians and 125 for Gazans, the bank said.
Increasingly, West Bank Palestinians must rely on water bought from the
Israeli national water company, Mekorot.

In some areas of the West Bank, Palestinians are surviving on as little as
10 to 15 litres a person each day, which is at or below humanitarian
disaster response levels recommended to avoid epidemics. In Gaza, where
Palestinians rely on an aquifer that has become increasingly saline and
polluted, the situation is worse. Only 5%-10% of the available water is
clean enough to drink.

The World Bank report, published last month, provoked sharp criticism from
Israel, which disputed the figures and the scale of the problem on the
Palestinian side. But others have welcomed the study and its findings.

Gidon Bromberg, the Israeli head of Friends of the Earth Middle East, said
there was a clear failure to meet basic water needs for both Israelis and
Palestinians, and that Israelis were taking "the lion's share".

"The bottom line is there is a severe water crisis out there, predominantly
on the Palestinian side, and it will be felt even worse this coming summer,"
Bromberg said at a conference on the issue in Jerusalem.

He said the Joint Water Committee, established in 1995 with Israelis and
Palestinians as an interim measure under the Oslo peace accords, had failed
to produce results and needed reform.

The World Bank report said the hopes that the Oslo accords might bring water
resources for a viable Palestinian state and improve the life of
Palestinians had "only very partially been realised".

It said failings in water resource and management and chronic
underinvestment were to blame. In Gaza, the continued Israeli economic
blockade played a key role in preventing maintenance and construction of
sewage and water projects. In the West Bank, Israeli military controls over
the Palestinians were a factor, with Palestinians still waiting for approval
on 143 water projects.

"We consider that the efficiency of our aid in the current situation is
compromised," said Pier Mantovani, a Middle East water specialist for the
World Bank, which is an important source of aid for the Palestinians.

Most went on short-term emergency projects with limited long-term strategic
value. It was a "piecemeal, ad hoc" approach, he said.

Yossi Dreisen, a former official and now adviser at the Israeli water
authority, disputed the Bank's findings and said many remarks in the report
were "not correct". He produced figures suggesting Israeli water consumption
per person had fallen since 1967, when Israel captured and occupied the West
Bank, while Palestinian consumption had risen.

Israel argues that the water problem should be solved by finding new
sources, through desalination and water treatment.

"There is not enough water in this area," said Dreisen. "Something must be
done. The solution where one is giving water to the other is not acceptable
to us."

However, Fuad Bateh, an adviser to the Palestinian water authority, said
Israel continued to have obligations under international law as the
occupying power and should allow Palestinians water resources through an
"equitable and reasonable allocation in accordance with international law".

He accepted that there was a lack of institutional development and capacity
on the Palestinian side, but he said the Palestinians were caught in an
unequal, asymmetric dispute. Palestinians had not been allowed to develop
any new production wells in the West Bank since the 1967 war.

"Palestinians have no say in the Israeli development of these shared,
trans-boundary, water resources," he said. "It is a situation in which
Israel has a de facto veto over Palestinian water development."



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