[Marxism] Queries received from a lurker

[Louis Proyect <lnp3@xxxxxxxxx>]

(Sorry, I neglected to paste before sending.)

1) Under the title of German or "True" Socialism in the Manifesto we read:
    "It is well known how the monks wrote silly lives of
    Catholic saints over  the manuscripts on which classical
    works of ancient heathendom had been written. The German literati
reversed this process with profane French literature. They wrote their
philosophical nonsense beneath the French original. For instance , beneath
the French criticism of the economic functions of money,     they
wrote "Alienation of Humanity," and beneath the French criticism of the
bourgeois State, they wrote "Dethronem ent of the Category of General," and
so forth.
 The introduction of these philosophical phrases at the back of the French
historical criticism they dubbed "Philosophy of Action,"
"TruSocialism,"...and so on"

How  the words "over" in italic , "beneath" and   "back"   could be
understood here? Also please describe briefly
the  terms mentioned by Marx and Engels in quotation marks.

2) Can any government in any country in a certain conditions be called a
CLASSLESS one? We were told that for instance  non of the pro-Soviet
governments of Afghanistan(1978-1992) were representating any certain
social class.

3) What are the reasons of pros and cons of the terms
"semi-feudal" and "semi-colonial"? Why some regard them
as anti-Marxist? Why imperialism doesn't eliminate feudalism, but
collaborate with it? On which basis a certain country like Pakistan or Iran
could and should be analysed whether they are semi-feudal/semi-colonial or
capitalist societies. What are the fundamental criteria to jugde the
characterestics of a country according to Marxism?

4) Is Marxism a method, philosophy or ideology? Why International Communist
Current(ICC) insists that it is a method? Is ICC  wrong when it regards
almost all countries as "imperialist"?

5) Please explain this sentence quoted by Lenin:

  "Practice is higher than(theoritical) knowledge, for it has not only the
dignity of universality, but also of immediate actuality."
Conspectus of Hegel's Science of Logic
What does he mean by
 "dignity of universality", and "immediate actuality".


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