[Marxism] Besieged Bolivian President Faces More Upheaval

[Fred Fuentes <fred.fuentes@xxxxxxxxx>]

Besieged Bolivian President Faces More Upheaval
Fri Jan 21, 2005 01:31 PM ET
By Rene Villegas
http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=worldNews&storyID=7396765

LA PAZ, Bolivia (Reuters) - Anti-government protesters in Bolivia's
largest city kept up their pressure on President Carlos Mesa on Friday
even after he bowed to some of their demands following two weeks of
strikes and blockades.

Thousands of protesters were preparing to march later on Friday in
Santa Cruz, Bolivia's economic powerhouse, where a business elite, who
accuse Mesa of ruining the economy, is now leading a crusade to oust
him. Mesa has been in office since October 2003. His term expires in
2007.

On Wednesday, Mesa, a former television news anchor who has no
political affiliation, scaled back fuel price hikes he had decreed
three weeks earlier, the spark of the worst protests.

Last week, he also rescinded a contract from a French-run water
utility vilified by protesters in the poor, indigenous city of El
Alto, center of the bloody October 2003 revolt that ousted the
previous president, U.S. ally Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada.

The concessions soothed tensions in El Alto, but failed to satisfy
opposition groups in affluent Santa Cruz, where protesters threw rocks
at police on Thursday and 200 hunger strikers stormed public
buildings. Farmers and truck drivers, upset that Mesa did not roll
back the entire fuel price increase, blocked roads, cutting off
supplies to the city.

"This is a president who cannot govern. This is a president who cannot
make a single solitary decision without having some kind of negative
reaction from one sector or another," said Eduardo Gamarra, a Bolivian
political scientist and head of Latin American Studies at Florida
International University.

Analysts say more upheaval is inevitable in South America's poorest
nation, where a European-descended elite controls the riches of
natural gas, mining and farming, and most in the indigenous majority
scrape by on less than $2 a day.

"In this country, the rich get subsidized and the poor get hit with a
stick," said Raul Choque, a 35-year-old teacher, while lining up to
get his monthly pay of $90.

RICH SANTA CRUZ REBELS

Unlike past uprisings, the latest protests spread beyond El Alto, a
gritty potholed city overlooking the capital, La Paz, to Santa Cruz,
the largest and most prosperous city 550 miles to the east with an
economy that accounts for a third of gross domestic product.

"The government is mocking us," said Carlos Dabdoub, spokesman for the
Santa Cruz civic group, led by businessmen but joined by labor,
student and peasant associations.

Analysts said Santa Cruz could bring down Mesa just as El Alto toppled
Sanchez de Lozada. Some groups in Santa Cruz, touting the vast ethnic
and economic divide with the rest of the country, want more autonomy
from La Paz.

"In Santa Cruz, there is a very dangerous breakup that President Mesa
has not sized up correctly," said La Paz analyst Jorge Lazarte.

Mesa this week was negotiating an alliance of 35 independent lawmakers
to help counter the relentless attacks of the traditional parties.

He also has the backing of Washington for supporting its program to
eradicate Bolivia's coca leaf crop, the raw material for making
cocaine. The United States worries about the rising influence of
coca-farmer leader and presidential hopeful Evo Morales.

Mesa has admitted he would rather quit before finishing his term than
be forced to send tanks into the streets and spill blood.

"If there is violence, Mesa will probably resign. If there is no
violence and Mesa is able to articulate some kind of political support
from deputies and senators ... he just might survive to 2007," Gamarra
said. (Additional reporting by Louise Egan in Buenos Aires)

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